Start with the paw—but stop if it hurts
If the dog allows gentle inspection, look for a torn nail, cut pad, thorn, swelling, or object between the toes. Do not force painful joints through a range of motion or repeatedly manipulate an injured limb.
Common orthopedic causes
Muscle strain, cranial cruciate ligament disease, patellar luxation, arthritis, fractures, growth-related orthopedic disease, and joint infection are among the possibilities. Age, breed, activity, and whether onset was sudden or gradual help narrow the list.
Rest is not a diagnosis
Brief restriction can be sensible after a very mild uncomplicated strain, but recurrent or persistent limping deserves examination. Pain medications made for people can be dangerous to dogs.
What testing may be needed?
The veterinarian will localize the painful area through orthopedic and neurologic examination. Radiographs are useful for many bone and joint problems; some ligament, tendon, or soft-tissue injuries may require additional imaging or referral.